Table 2 Autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis and pathogen-induced chronic liver disease in man and dog
| Comments | |
|---|---|
| Human chronic liver disease | |
| Hepatitis B virus | |
| ANA, SMA, anti-ASGPR |
Titres are relatively low, and usually increased during treatment with anti-viral agents such as interferon-alpha The homogenous IFL pattern typical for AIH is relatively infrequent No-specific targets have so far been identified |
| Hepatitis C virus | |
| ANA, SMA, anti-LKM1, anti-LC1, anti-ASGPR, anti-SLA | The only hepatitis virus that can induce AIH-2-specific autoantibodies |
| Hepatitis D virus | |
| Various types of autoantibodies, like HBV and HCV | Reported data are relatively scarce |
| Herpes simplex virus-1 | |
| ANA, SMA, anti-LKM1 | HSV-1 has been suggested as a trigger of AIH (type 1 and type 2) in case studies and molecular mimicry reports |
| Epstein–Barr virus | This virus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases including AIH |
| Autoimmune hepatitis type 1 | |
| ANA, SMA, anti-SLA, anti-LM, anti-ASGPR | Division into types is based on the presence of characteristic autoantibodies |
| Autoimmune hepatitis type 2 | |
| Anti-LKM1, anti-LC1, anti-SLA, anti-LM, anti-ASGPR | |
| Canine chronic hepatitis | |
| Infectious chronic hepatitis | No data available for infectious hepatitis but bacteraemia from pathogens such as Leishmania and Ehrlichia can lead to the development of ANA at low titres) |
| Autoimmune hepatitis | |
| ANA, SMA, anti-liver membrane protein antibodies | The reported data are not extensive compared to the studies conducted in human AIH |